During the period of the “Second Republic,” together with a group of selected professors, José Ortega y Gasset helped organize the School of Philosophy and Philology at an advanced academic level.

With the establishment of Franco’s dictatorship, he left Spain and continued giving lectures in several countries, including the United States, Argentina, France, and Switzerland.

In 1945 he returned to Madrid and founded the Institute of Humanistic Studies, where he taught until his death in 1955, continuously challenging the Franco regime with his ideas.

He published numerous studies, essays, books, and articles, and also founded and edited several journals, including Revista de Occidente, which became important centers of intellectual and philosophical debate.